Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose, and throat) is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the head and neck. It is the oldest medical practice in the United States and nearly 50 percent of all office visits pertain to the ear, nose, and throat.[citation needed]

Physicians specializing in otolaryngology are called otolaryngologists, and often treat children with persistent ear infections, hearing problems, cleft lip and other congenital abnormalities. Adult patients often seek treatment from an otolaryngologists for sinus infections, age-related hearing loss, and cancers of the head or neck regions

 

Head and neck oncology

• Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx

• Oral cancer

• Skin Cancer of the head & neck

• Thyroid cancer

• Endocrine surgery of the head and neck (thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy)

• Microvascular free flap reconstruction

• Skull base surgery

• Salivary gland cancer

Otology and neuro-otology

• Dizziness

  • BPPV – benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

  • labyrinthitis/vestibular neuronitis

  • Ménière's disease/endolymphatic hydrops

  • Perilymphatic fistula

  • acoustic neuroma

• Hearing loss

• Mastoiditis

• Otitis externa – outer ear or ear canal inflammation

• Otitis media – middle ear inflammation

• Otitis interna – inner ear inflammation

• Perforated eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)

• Ear surgery

Rhinology

Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.

• Environmental allergies

• Sinusitis – acute, chronic

• Rhinitis

• Empty nose syndrome

Pediatrics

• Adenoidectomy

• Caustic ingestion

• Cricotracheal resection

• Decannulation

• laryngomalacia

• Laryngotracheal reconstruction

• Myringotomy and tubes

• Obstructive sleep apnea – pediatric

• Tonsillectomy

Laryngology

• Dysphonia/hoarseness

  • Laryngitis

  • Reinke's edema

  • Vocal cord nodules and polyps

• Spasmodic dysphonia

• Tracheostomy

• Cancer of the larynx

• Vocology – science and practice of voice habilitation

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.

• Rhinoplasty and septoplasty

• Facelift (rhytidectomy)

• Browlift

• Blepharoplasty

• Otoplasty

• Genioplasty

• Injectable cosmetic treatments

• Trauma to the face

  • Nasal bone fracture

  • Mandible fracture

  • Orbital fracture

  • Frontal sinus fracture

  • Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage

• Skin cancer (e.g. Basal Cell Carcinoma)